Thin film hydride generation: determination of ultra-trace copper by flow injection in situ hydride trapping graphite furnace AAS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel system which significantly enhances copper hydride generation efficiency was used for the determination of trace copper by coupling a flow injection system to a graphite furnace for in situ collection of the analyte and subsequent AAS detection. A single device integrated the functions of hydride generator and gas liquid separator. Solutions of the sample containing 0.0005% (m/v) phenanthroline and 1% formic acid were merged with tetrahydroborate reductant to yield a thin film wetting a reaction surface from which product vapor was efficiently liberated and transported to the heated furnace. Optimum operating conditions provided for a generation/transport/collection efficiency of 8–12%. Interferences from common transition and noble metals were effectively eliminated. A limit of detection of 100 pg ml−1 was obtained based on processing a 1 ml sample volume. A precision of better than 4% (RSD) at 1 ng ml−1 was typical. The methodology was successfully applied to the determination of Cu in several NRCC natural water and biological tissue Certified Reference Materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".