Vibrating-Coil Magnetometry of the Spin Liquid Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Tb</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have explored the spin liquid state in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ with vibrating-coil magnetometry down to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.04\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ under magnetic fields up to 5 T. We observe magnetic history dependence below ${T}^{*}\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ reminiscent of the classical spin ice systems ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. The magnetic phase diagram inferred from the magnetization is essentially isotropic, without evidence of magnetization plateaus as anticipated for so-called quantum spin ice, predicted theoretically for [111] when quantum fluctuations renormalize the interactions. Instead, the magnetization for $T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}^{*}$ agrees semiquantitatively with the predictions of ``all-in--all-out'' (AIAO) antiferromagnetism. Taken together, this suggests that the spin liquid state in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ is akin to an incipient AIAO antiferromagnet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".