Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The dependence of permeability on direction, or permeability anisotropy in fractured reservoir has been confirmed by many field studies. In practical reservoir simulations, this is accounted for by the introduction of three principal permeabilities and three mutually orthogonal principal axes. This paper investigates whether this is an appropriate approach in analyzing anisotropy of naturally fractured reservoir, which is characterized by heterogeneity and anisotropy due to the fracture’s closure and varied orientation. It is shown that the deformation of the fracture resulted from the change in effective stress may cause the permeability tensor offset an angle to the coordinate axes. Under such circumstance, the conventional simple anisotropy model, which does not consider the cross permeability effect, could result in significant error in interpreting the well response. This paper also studies the stress-displacement behaviour of the fracture and presents a non-linear model, which can be used to well describe the closure process of the fracture under changes in effective stress. Finally, a comprehensive coupled model is proposed to carry out the coupling analysis of the geomechnical-reservoir model. The proposed model has the advantage of enabling the full permeability tensor and non-linear deformation property of the fracture to be taken into account.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".