Water Diffusion in Bicelles and the Mixed Bicelle Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To test a prediction of the mixed bicelle model, stimulated echo (STE) pulsed field gradient (PFG) (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of water diffusion between and across bicellar lamellae were performed in positively and negatively magnetically aligned bicelles, composed of mixtures of DHPC (1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), as a function of temperature and of the proportion of added short-chain lipid DHPC. (31)P NMR spectra obtained for each situation confirmed that the DHPC undergoes fast exchange between curved and planar regions as per the mixed bicelle model and permitted an estimate of the proportion of the two DHPC populations. Water diffusion across the bicellar lamellae was shown to scale directly with q*, the fraction of edge versus planar phospholipid, rather than simply the ratio q, the global fraction of long-chain to short-chain phospholipid. Geometric modeling of the dependence of water diffusion on q* suggested an upper limit of 400 A for the size of DHPC-rich toroidal perforations within the bicelle lamellae. These findings constitute an independent confirmation of the mixed bicelle model in which DHPC is not confined to edge regions but enjoys, instead, a finite miscibility with DMPC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".