Experimental African trypanosomiasis: IFN‐γ mediates early mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that Kupffer cells in the livers of highly susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense were loaded with trypanosomal antigen and appeared highly activated. This was associated with an enlarged capillary bed in the livers and decreased blood pressure of these mice towards the terminal stage. Blocking of murine IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)in vivo shortened the survival time of highly susceptible T. congolense-infected BALB/c mice. Anti-IL-10R treatment decreased the survival of relatively resistant T. congolense-infected C57BL/6 mice dramatically. Blocking of the IL-10R also significantly shortened the survival time of mice infected with T. brucei. The acute death of trypanosome-infected mice treated with anti-IL-10R antibodies in vivo was associated with focal liver necrosis, with significantly increased plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma and enhanced synthesis of IL-6, IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma by spleen cell cultures. Anti-IL-10R-induced death of T. congolense-infected C57BL/6 mice could be prevented by administration of a neutralizing antibody specific forIFN-gamma. We conclude that phagocytosis of a critical number of trypanosomes by Kupffer cells leads to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, depending on the degree of Kupffer cell activation, is followed by death that is mediated by IFN-gamma. The role of trypanosome-pulsed macrophages, T cells and genetic influences is discussed in a synopsis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".