Role of forage, habitat and predation in the behavioural plasticity of a small African antelope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Ecological influences on social organization can best be measured by comparing populations of a socially variable species living in different environments. We examined causes of variability in social behaviour in a socially plastic small antelope, the oribi,Ourebia ourebiZimmermann, in Ghana, West Africa. In total, 161 individually identified oribi were observed at five sites along an ecological gradient through dry and rainy seasons. Behavioural observations and ecological data were used to test the relative influence of forage abundance and quality, habitat structure and predation pressure on female dispersion and male social behaviour. Of nine ecological variables that were quantified, forage abundance and quality accounted best for variation in female dispersion among and within study populations. Specifically, female oribi formed larger groups and had smaller ranges where dry season forage was relatively abundant and low in fibre. Male territorial behaviour differed among sites and was related to female home range size. Males were most active in territory maintenance where females had small home ranges, and males defended a female rather than a territory where females ranged widely. These results show that variation in social organization among oribi subpopulations in Ghana reflects female responses to the availability and quality of dry season food resources and male responses to the variable distribution and ranging behaviour of females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".