Facile nanometer thick native oxide based passivation of silicon for high efficiency photovoltaics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fabrication of low cost solar cells using ultra-thin (approximately 20 μm) silicon wafers is a viable route given the significant potential of reduced material cost and its versatility to a range of portable and terrestrial applications. Low temperature processing is a compelling opportunity for the synthesis of high-efficiency ultra-thin silicon wafers. Further, excellent surface passivation attainable through facile low temperature processing techniques is an essential enabler for effective manufacturing of ultra-thin silicon solar cells, and thus paving the way for high-efficiency low-cost silicon foil photovoltaics. This article presents a novel low temperature passivation scheme using approximately 1 nm thick facile native oxide and 75 nm PECVD SiNx. A maximum lifetime of 1.7 ms has been obtained for the passivation scheme. Moreover, the passivated wafers were also used to fabricate Back Amorphous-Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction (BACH) cells using double side polished n-type FZ wafers. A maximum cell efficiency of 16.7% is obtained for facile native oxide -PECVD SiNxbilayer passivated cells having VOCof 641 mV, JSCof 33.7 mA/cm2and fill-factor of 0.77 for a 1 cm2untextured cell (all measurements having been performed under AM 1.5 global spectrum illumination).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".