HIV-1 induced autophagy modulation in Langerhans cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
LC used for this study were differentiated from either blood monocytes or the MUTZ-3 cell line model which phenotypically mimic LC morphology and immune features. LC were treated with wild type HIV-1, VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1-derived lentivectors or recombinant HIV-1 envelopes. Levels of infection and cellular autophagy flux were analyzed by western blotting, FACS and confocal imaging. We observe that, as previously described for myeloid DC, autophagy flux is compromised in LC after exposure to HIV-1 envelope or infectious virus. Hence, activation of the autophagy negative regulator, mTOR, is detected, and could account for the autophagy flux inhibition. Although we could confirm the HIV-1 restriction activity of langerin and SAMHD-1 in LC, it appears that shutting down autophagy flux is an early cellular target for the virus thus strongly suggesting that it might be involved in HIV-1 clearance shortly upon viral entry. In this study, we show that Langerin and SAMHD-1 are significantly restricting HIV-1 entry and replication in LC. However, an additional barrier to infection, such as autophagolysosome-mediated degradation of virus particles, may account for the low infection rate observed in LC. Our results suggest that autophagy flux is indeed dampened upon HIV-1 challenge which might favour virus progression. We further aim to examine the effect of autophagy modulation on virus infection of LC and consequent virus transmission to CD4 T cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.024 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".