Design of erosion protection at diversion tunnel outlets with concrete prisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concrete prisms obtained by dividing cubes diagonally have been used successfully in some dam projects in Iran as a flexible and economical erosion protection measure at diversion tunnel outlets ending in a mobile river bed. To establish appropriate design criteria for this new protection measure, systematic hydraulic model tests have been performed. The physical tests allowed us to highlight the performance of the concrete prisms placed at a diversion tunnel outlet compared with an unprotected erodable riverbed. The concrete prisms are placed in such a way that in case of undermining, the protection system is able to deform and limit erosion and scour by always covering most of the river bed at the outlet. Based on the tests results, general applicable design criteria and equations, for estimating the scour hole geometry, its location, and the required size of the prisms as well as the total area to be protected, have been developed.Key words: diversion tunnel, scour, erosion protection, hydraulic model tests, concrete prisms, river diversion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".