Perturbation of Charge-Transfer Complexes in Aqueous Solutions of PEG-DNB by Adding <i>N</i>-Ethylcarbazole and Li<sup>+</sup> Cations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) complexation occurring in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (PEG) capped at one end with a 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl (DNB) group was perturbed by compounds that interact with either the donor PEG chains or the acceptor DNB group. Hydrophobic N -ethylcarbazole (NEK) can be solubilized in aqueous solutions by the PEG-DNB complex surfactant. CT interactions between the NEK solute and the hydrophobic part of the surfactant, the DNB group, favor the solubilization process. The symmetric coplanar sandwich geometry of the NEK/DNB complex does not interfere with the PEG/DNB complex because of the sidewise orientation of the polyether chain. Thus, DNB forms complexes simultaneously with a π-electron donor, NEK, and a p-electron donor, PEG. An interesting consequence of the dual complex is the substantial increase in molecular weight resolution in the NMR spectra. Dissolving LiClO 4 in aqueous solutions of PEG-DNB produces decomplexation. Li + cations form ion−dipole interactions with PEG and remove it from its coiled complex with DNB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".