Reduction of pier scour using bed suction and jet injection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of a combined system of jet injection through the pier and bed suction on the reduction of local scour around a circular pier was investigated in a laboratory flume. Experiments were conducted for two water depths (10·5 and 28 cm) under 1-jet and 3-jet injection and different angles between the jets, with bed suction rate Qs/Q0 = 2%, in turbulent flow and clear-water scouring conditions. The results show that the bed suction modifies the effect of jet scouring and reduces the local scour and sediment transport at the pier (36% for scour depth, 25 and 42% for the area and volume of scour hole). The maximum reduction of the scour depth was about 50% (about 20, 39 and 39% for the area, volume and the upstream slope of the scour hole respectively) in the best configurations for a combined countermeasure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".