Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 is a recently identified protein that is highly expressed in the kidney and results in formation of angiotensin-(1-7). This manuscript highlights current information on the localization and function of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in the kidney, along with recent studies on the role of the enzyme in hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, and diabetic nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 is expressed in relative abundance in the proximal tubule and metabolizes angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 also catalyzes conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin-(1-9), which is cleaved to angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme. In mice, gene deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 elevates blood pressure responses to angiotensin II, and increases renal angiotensin II levels. Male angiotensin-converting enzyme-2-deficient mice exhibit accelerated glomerulosclerosis. In early diabetic nephropathy, proximal tubular angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression and activity are increased, suggesting that the enzyme may counterregulate the effects of local angiotensin II. SUMMARY: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 appears to be critical in determining the balance between the intrarenal effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 could thereby represent a target for novel therapeutic approaches in a variety of kidney disorders.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".