Correlated Infrared and X-Ray Flux Changes Following the 2002 June Outburst of the Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar 1E 2259+586
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the results of a near-infrared monitoring program of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586, performed at the Gemini Observatory. This program began 3 days after the pulsar's 2002 June outburst and spans ~1.5 yr. We find that after an initial increase associated with the outburst, the near-infrared flux decreased continually and reached the preburst quiescent level after about 1 yr. We compare both the near-infrared flux enhancement and its decay to those of the X-ray afterglow and find them to be remarkably consistent. Fitting simple power laws to the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer pulsed flux and near-infrared data for t > 1 day postburst, we find the following decay indices: α = -0.21 ± 0.01 (X-ray) and α = -0.21 ± 0.02 (near-infrared), where flux is a function of time such that F ∝ t α . This suggests that the enhanced infrared and X-ray fluxes have a physical link postoutburst, most likely from the neutron star magnetosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".