Three growth modes and mechanisms for highly structure-tunable SnO2 nanotube arrays of template-directed atomic layer deposition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a vapor-phase strategy to synthesize highly structure-tunable SnO2 nanotube arrays of high aspect ratio, which features atomic layer deposition of SnO2 on anodic aluminium oxide templates using SnCl4 and H2O as precursors. This systematic study disclosed that there are three distinctive temperature-dependent growth modes, i.e., layer-by-layer, layer-by-particle, and evolutionary particles contributing to the structural uniqueness of the resultant SnO2 nanotubes. The layers were identified in an amorphous phase while the particles in a crystalline phase. As a consequence, the synthesized SnO2 nanotubes are not only phase-controllable but also morphology-transferable with growth temperatures. In a following effort to explore the underlying mechanisms, as another contribution of this study, three growth models were proposed and clarified. Thus, this study offers not just a precise alternative for synthesizing structurally novel nanotubes but scientific insights into fundamentals as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".