Abstract 314: Effect of dietary carbohydrates and exercise on prostate cancer progression in LNCaP xenograft model.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death among North American men. There are many risk factors for PCa, dietary as well as physical activity play a role in the development and progression of the disease. Our lab has previously reported that increased intake of dietary carbohydrates was associated with increased tumor growth and activation of signaling pathways distal to the insulin receptor in a murine model of prostate cancer. In humans, one of the most potent stimulants for insulin production is glucose consumption and carbohydrate restriction reduces serum insulin and IGF-I levels to a greater extent than dietary fat restriction. Numerous studies have also found an inverse relationship between exercise and PCa progression. For example, a study by Barnard et al (2003) demonstrated that regular physical activity in PCa patients decreased serum insulin and IGF-I levels, and also elevated IGF binding protein I. However, the exact relationships between diet, exercise and PCa, as well as their underlying mechanisms, are unclear. Herein we aim to investigate the effect of sustained aerobic exercise on PCa tumour growth in animals placed on a high carbohydrate diet. Methods: Athymic (6 -8 week old) nude mice (n=40) were inoculated subcutaneously with 1 million LNCaP cells. Mice were fed ad libitum with a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet or a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet. Animals were randomized into four groups: HC with and without exercise, LC with and without exercise. Exercise was implemented for 5 days/week (3 x 15 mins; 2-min breaks between cycles; 2.0-10.0 m/min) using a forced exercise wheel. Exercise was performed for a period of 10 weeks. Body weights, tumour volumes, and food consumption were recorded tri-weekly. Blood samples were obtained by sephenous vein bleeding at various times during the study period. Comparisons between groups over time were performed using RANOVA Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects. Results: There were no significant differences in animal weight and food consumption between groups. Tumour growth, wet tumour weights were not significantly different between groups. However it was very interesting to note that animals from the exercise group had a slower tumour growth rate compared to animals from the no exercise group. Citation Format: Xiangfeng Ge, Natalie Venier, Neil Fleshner, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara Venkateswaran. Effect of dietary carbohydrates and exercise on prostate cancer progression in LNCaP xenograft model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 314. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-314
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".