Daily variation in markers of nutritional condition in wintering <scp>B</scp>lack‐capped <scp>C</scp>hickadees <i><scp>P</scp>oecile atricapillus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The plasma metabolites triglycerides (TRIG) and β‐hydroxybutyrate (BUTY) are used as indices of nutritional condition in migrating birds during refuelling and can provide a measure of relative fattening rates in individual birds. Because non‐migratory birds wintering at northern latitudes also fatten on a daily basis to support their overnight fast, blood metabolites could provide a useful tool to measure individual performance in energy acquisition. However, daily patterns of metabolite change may differ between species and could be affected by thermoregulatory requirements. We studied daily variation in TRIG and BUTY over a complete winter in Black‐capped Chickadees to determine the pattern of daily and seasonal change in these markers. We also assessed how short‐term variation (up to 7 days) in weather parameters that influence heat exchange may affect TRIG and BUTY levels. In contrast to a linear gain of body mass, TRIG increased non‐linearly during the day, with a rapid increase in the morning that levelled off in the afternoon, whereas BUTY did not change significantly. Metabolites varied with sampling time and the seasonal change in day length, suggesting higher fat catabolism and fattening rates in mid‐winter. TRIG and BUTY also differed between capture sites, possibly due to differences in shelter quality. Weather variation did not affect TRIG levels and had a significant but marginal effect on BUTY, explaining at best 3% of the variation. Our results suggest that these markers can be used as indicators of energy turnover in resident wintering passerines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".