Potassium currents regulating secretion from Brunner's glands in guinea pig duodenum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the role of outward K(+) currents in the acinar cells underlying secretion from Brunner's glands in guinea pig duodenum. Intracellular recordings were made from single acinar cells in intact acini in in vitro submucosal preparations, and videomicroscopy was employed in the same preparation to correlate these measures with secretion. Mean resting membrane potential was -74 mV and was depolarized by high external K(+) (20 mM) and the K(+) channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), quinine, and clotrimazole. The cholinergic agonist carbachol (60-2,000 nM; EC(50) = 200 nM) caused a concentration-dependent initial hyperpolarization of the membrane and an associated decrease in input resistance. This hyperpolarization was significantly decreased by 20 mM external K(+) or membrane hyperpolarization and increased by 1 mM external K(+) or membrane depolarization. It was blocked by the K(+) channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-AP, quinine, and clotrimazole but not iberiotoxin. When videomicroscopy was employed to measure dilation of acinar lumen in the same preparation, carbachol-evoked dilations were altered in a parallel fashion when external K(+) was altered. The dilations were also blocked by the K(+) channel blockers TEA, 4-AP, quinine, and clotrimazole but not iberiotoxin. These findings suggest that activation of outward K(+) currents is fundamental to the initiation of secretion from these glands, consistent with the model of K(+) efflux from the basolateral membrane providing the driving force for secretion. The pharmacological profile suggests that these K(+) channels belong to the intermediate conductance group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".