Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rupture of thin water films (thickness of ∼100 μm) spreading radially outward on a solid surface was studied experimentally. Circular water films were produced by directing a 1 mm diameter water jet onto a flat horizontal plate for 10 ms. Jet impact velocity was varied from 1.6 to 6.1 m/s, giving Reynolds numbers from 1600 to 6100. Three different plates were used (glass, Plexiglas, and wax) to vary substrate wettability. Both rough and smooth wax surfaces were tested. Water films did not rupture on glass and Plexiglas plates, but holes formed and expanded in films spreading on wax, which had the highest liquid-solid contact angle. Tests in which the spreading film was not supported on a surface, but spread after impact on a pin to simulate a perfectly nonwetting surface, did not show formation of holes. A thermodynamic stability analysis predicted film rupture behavior by showing that films would be stable at very small or very large contact angle but unstable in between. Film rupture was also found to be promoted by increasing surface roughness or decreasing film thickness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".