DIPOLE-EXCHANGE SPIN WAVES IN FERROMAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES WITH SPHERICAL GEOMETRIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dipole–exchange spin waves (SWs) are studied in ferromagnetic nanostructures with spherical geometries such as spheres, part spheres, and spherical shells, both individually and in finite-sized arrays. A microscopic theory is used based on a spin Hamiltonian, which incorporates the short-range exchange and long-range magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, as well as an external magnetic field applied in any direction. Our theory is advantageous for describing the dynamical properties of inhomogeneously magnetized samples, and the use of phenomenological boundary conditions is avoided. Numerical results are deduced for the frequencies of the discrete SW modes and their dependence on the radius, spacing between particles, applied field, etc. Applications are made to Permalloy Fe 19 Ni 81 and alloy Co 80 Ni 20 nanoparticles with their sizes varying from 10 to 100 nm. Through a Green function theory, the spatial distributions and spectral intensities of the SWs are also deduced. The mode-mixing (hybridization) effects on the SW branches are found to be important, depending on the particle sizes and geometries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".