NGC 1333—Protostars, Dust Shells, and Triggered Star Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present large (13' × 18') and sensitive continuum maps at 850 and 450 μm of the NGC 1333 star formation region. We identify 33 submillimeter sources, some of which are extended and may contain multiple condensations. Very few of the submillimeter sources have optical or near-IR counterparts. In addition to the previously known bright class 0 sources, this survey suggests that many of the fainter sources are also likely to be very young low-mass protostars. We find several dust ridges and shells formed by outflows in the cloud, and in two cases we identify protostellar sources whose formation is likely to have been triggered by powerful outflow bow shocks. Thus, outflows have influenced the structure and evolution of the cloud over the entire area we have mapped. We derive a shallow dust clump mass spectrum, with dN / dM ∝ M -1.4 down to rather low masses, suggesting a large population of dust clumps in the brown dwarf mass range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".