Field Note: Emamectin Benzoate Reduces Defoliation by <I>Choristoneura occidentalis</I> Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Three Host Species
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stem injections of insecticides are generally regarded as a safer and a more environmentally friendly option (compared to foliar sprays) for protecting high-value trees against insects in sensitive areas or near homes. We carried out a three year study to determine the efficacy of trunk injections of emamectin benzoate for protection of foliage of three common host species attacked by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Defoliation by C. occidentalis was significantly reduced by nearly half over a 3-year period on treated compared to control grand fir, Douglas-fir, and alpine fir. Reduction of defoliation was comparable to standards used for aerial spraying (e.g., 50%) of conifer feeding budworms in Canada.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it