Dispersion effects in fiber Bragg gratings based all-optical microwave filters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different architectures for all-optical microwave filtering using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been proposed in the last few years. Most of the research efforts have been focused on the basic structures and synthesis of wideband FBG-based all-optical microwave filters with possible reconfigurability and tunability, where all FBGs are assumed to have identical time delay for all the frequency components of the incident light. However, when the filter is proposed to work at very high frequency range, the dispersion effects induced by the FBGs have to be addressed. In this paper, a theoretical model is established to study the dispersion effects in the FBG-based all-optical microwave filter. Simulations and experiments are carried out. The results show that the effective coefficients of the filter are not constant, but a function of the modulating frequency, which will degrade the performance of the all-optical microwave filters and limit the highest operating frequency. To reduce the dispersion effects, we propose to use properly-apodized short FBGs with relatively flat reflection spectra and group delay responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".