Epinephrine Increases Mortality after Brief Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in an In Vivo Rat Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Epinephrine may be detrimental in cardiac arrest. In this laboratory study we sought to characterize the effect of epinephrine and concomitant calcium channel blockade on postresuscitation myocardial performance after brief asphyxial cardiac arrest. Anesthesized rats were disconnected from mechanical ventilation, resulting in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was attempted after 1 min with mechanical ventilation, oxygen, chest compressions, and IV medication. In experimental series 1 and 2, animals were allocated to 10 or 30 μg/kg epinephrine or 0.9% saline. In series 3, animals received 30 μg/kg of epinephrine and were randomized to 0.1 mg/kg of verapamil or to 0.9% saline. In series 1 and 3, left ventricular function was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. In series 2, left atrial pressure was measured. Epinephrine was associated with increased mortality (0/8 [0%] in controls, 4/12 [33.3%] in 10 μg/kg animals, and 16/22 [72.8%] in 30 μg/kg animals; P < 0.05), hypertension (P < 0.001), tachycardia (P = 0.004), early transient left atrial hypertension, and dose-related reduction in left ventricular end diastolic diameter (P < 0.05). Verapamil prevented mortality associated with large-dose epinephrine (0% versus 100%) and attenuated early diastolic dysfunction and postresuscitation hypertension (P = 0.001) without systolic dysfunction. Epinephrine appears to be harmful in the setting of brief cardiac arrest after asphyxia. IMPLICATIONS: In a laboratory-based animal experiment, epinephrine administered after brief asphyxial cardiac arrest caused dose-dependent diastolic dysfunction, left atrial hypertension, and increased mortality. These effects were attenuated by cotreatment with calcium channel blockade. If eventually applicable to humans, these data would suggest caution with the use of epinephrine for cardiac arrest due to asphyxia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".