Objective Voice Changes in Nondysphonic Parkinson's Disease Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To obtain objective acoustic analysis results from Parkinson's disease patients who do not have voice symptoms and to compare these results with those from age- and sex-matched control subjects. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Tertiary reference hospital. METHOD: The objective acoustic analysis results from 14 female Parkinson's disease patients with no voice symptoms were compared with those of 22 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed no differences in mean fundamental frequency and shimmer values. However, differences in jitter values, loudness, and the harmonics to noise ratio were statistically significant between the two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: With this study, it was shown that Parkinson's disease patients who do not have any voice symptoms have objectively different acoustic values than their age- and sex-matched controls. Clinicians must be aware of these initial findings on the voice changes of Parkinson's disease patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".