Inhibition of Microtubule Formation by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Activation of glutamate receptors is known to alter the biophysical state of the cytoskeleton of neurons in the developing brain. In this study, we examined the ability of G protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to inhibit the formation of processes induced by the expression of the microtubule-associated protein MAP2c. The infection of insect MG-1 cells with a recombinant baculovirus (BV) encoding MAP2c induced the formation of fine filamentous processes. The binding of MAPs to tubulin promotes tubulin polymerization and the formation of microtubules. Co-infection with BVs for the phosphoinositide (PI)-linked mGluR1a or mGluR1b receptor subtypes inhibited the formation of processes induced by MAP2c, whereas co-infection with BVs encoding the mGluR4a or mGluR4b subtypes that couple to adenylyl cyclase did not inhibit the formation of processes. The biochemical pathways responsible for producing the inhibitory effect of mGluR1 were investigated. Inhibitors of protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase, and protein tyrosine kinases did not block the inhibitory effect of mGluR1a. The calcium chelator BAPTA and the calcium depletor thapsigargin also did not affect the ability of mGluR1a to inhibit process formation. In contrast, inhibitors of phospholipase C reversed the effect of mGluR1 on process formation, suggesting that one or more metabolites in the PI pathway were responsible for the inhibitory effect. These findings indicate that PIs generated by activation of mGluRs inhibit the binding of MAPs to tubulin and reduce tubulin polymerization and microtubule stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".