Two new Perseus arm supernova remnants discovered in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the discovery of two new second-quadrant supernova remnants, G96.0+2.0 and G113.0+0.2, in the data of the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey. The two SNRs are residents of the Perseus spiral arm at distances of 4.0 kpc and 3.1 kpc, respectively. The distances were determined kinematically by associating the objects with neutral hydrogen and molecular material. G96.0+2.0 is most likely located at the edge of a large stellar wind bubble with a systemic velocity of about -44 km s-1. It consists of a relatively bright shell where the shock is encountering the wall of and slowly fades away towards the interior of the stellar wind bubble. The visible part of the remnant has a diameter of about 30 pc and a radio spectral index of (), indicating that it is a shell-type remnant in an early stage of development. The SNR is most likely the remnant of a type Ib/c supernova explosion. G113.0+0.2 is located in an area of confusing thermal emission not far from the radio-bright supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. It has an unusual elongated structure consisting of a long polarized filament and a more complex head structure that is interacting with a small molecular cloud; it resides in a butterfly-shaped cavity, probably a stellar wind bubble. It is about 36 pc long and 15 pc wide at a position angle of with the Galactic Plane. A pulsar with a relatively low period derivative, giving it a characteristic age of 10 million years, is located close to the centre of the radio continuum emission at a Perseus arm distance. Whether the pulsar is the result of the same supernova explosion that created G113.0+0.2 or if it was left behind by an earlier supernova that also shaped the stellar wind bubble remains uncertain.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".