Bedload transport by a vertical jet impinging upon sediments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments are performed to examine the formation of a crater in sediment by an impinging vertical turbulent jet. Light attenuation and a “depositometer,” which records conductivity through the bed from an array of electrodes, are used to measure the crater depth as a function of space and time. The onset of crater formation and deepening is best characterized in terms of the Rouse number, Rs (proportional to the particle settling speed divided by the centerline jet speed), rather than Shields number, Sh (proportional to the stress divided by the particle weight per unit area). The critical Rouse number, Rsc, is found to increase with the particle Reynolds number, Rep, as a power law with exponent 0.45 ± 0.03 for Rep ranging between 0.6 and 160. For smaller Rs, the crater is observed to deepen at a near-constant speed, while the crater radius remains constant. Bedload transport, measured in terms of the crater deepening speed, is determined to increase as Rep times the difference between Rsc and Rs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".