Shoot fluctuating asymmetry: a new and objective stress index in Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We showed that difference in length of two opposite second-order lateral shoots on first-order branches of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) can be classified as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The FA was higher (i) in trees from a heavily polluted site than in trees from an unpolluted site, (ii) in shaded trees from the understorey of a dense stand than in trees from an open site, and (iii) after needle clipping (simulated herbivory). This is the first study to demonstrate that FA of woody plants can be assessed by measuring skeletal elements (branches) rather than photosynthetic organs (leaves or needles). Our finding significantly improves the possibilities to study plant developmental stability, in particular by allowing fast and accurate assessment of the past stress levels by using information stored in branch architecture. We concluded that FA based on shoot measurements is a practicable objective stress index in Norway spruce.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".