Transformation of the structural surface morphology and electronic structure of CdS nanostructured films prepared in glycerol-containing solution, under ultrasonic irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Chemical bath deposition was improved by using glycerol, a very conventional surfactant, to control cadmium sulfide CdS in various sizes and structures, under ultrasonic irradiation conditions. Consequently, an effective route to prepare CdS thin film that consists of either CdS fibrils with an average diameter of 52 nm or monodispersed CdS grains 35 to 80 nm in size is proposed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that, in the crystallographic properties of the obtained CdS films, CdS may exist in two crystalline modifications—a hexagonal and a cubic phase—that are characterized by several diffraction peaks positioned at 2θ≈23.4°, 27.1° and 47.8°. Beside this, UV-Vis studies also revealed the positive effect of glycerol at grain boundaries, leading to detrimental reduction of the band bending towards the absorber surface and increasing the population of optical absorptions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".