Ischaemic Heart Disease–Related Knowledge, Behaviours, and Beliefs of Indo-Canadians and Euro-Canadians: Implications for Physical Therapists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine knowledge, behaviours, and beliefs related to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) of Indo-Canadians (ICs), thereby helping target health education strategies. METHODS: In a cross-sectional descriptive/comparative study, 102 Indian-born Indo-Canadians (ICs) and 102 Canadian-born Euro-Canadians (ECs) completed a standardized questionnaire on IHD knowledge and lifestyle-related behaviours and beliefs. RESULTS: Compared with ECs, ICs were less aware of IHD-risk factors. ICs' lifestyle practices and beliefs were consistent with having less perceived control over health than ECs. ICs reported more stress from various sources and resorted less to exercise for stress relief and more to religious/spiritual activities. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with health belief theory, approaches to educating immigrants from collectivistic cultures such as India to assume responsibility for their personal health may need to be different from those used with ECs, which stress self-management. Such programmes may need to emphasize lifestyle-related health knowledge and beliefs as bases for health behaviour change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".