Sporting Events and the Spatial Patterning of Crime in South Africa: Local Interpretations and International Implications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we investigate the impact of sporting events on crime levels in Tshwane, South Africa. Using crime data from 2001 to 2006, we examine whether crime levels increase throughout Tshwane as a whole as well as within certain buffer distances around the Loftus Versfeld stadium, on game days compared to non-game days. Findings show that there is an increase in overall crime in Tshwane on game days, but when specific types of crime are examined, the association between sporting events and crime levels in Tshwane varies depending on the spatial level under investigation. Explanations for these findings are provided based on routine activities theory linked with knowledge of the socio-demographics of sports fans in South Africa. We conclude by outlining some international implications of our results for law enforcement agencies tasked with policing cities during major sporting events.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it