Experimental design for the determination of the injection barrier height at metal/organic interfaces using temperature dependent current-voltage measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Determination of the injection barrier height for holes or electrons at metal/organic interfaces is essential to understanding the device physics of organic electronics. Due to the disordered molecular packing of organic semiconductors, careful consideration is required in the design of both the device structure and the experimental measurement technique used to extract the barrier height. We report a methodology for extracting the injection barrier height at metal/organic interfaces from temperature dependent current-voltage measurements. This methodology includes the design of single carrier devices with specific consideration of the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductors, as well as the design of a variable temperature cryostat suited to the measurement of organic electronic device architectures. Experimental results for single carrier hole-only devices using two commonly studied hole transport materials, namely N,N(')-diphenyl-N,N(')-bis-(1-naphthyl)-1-1(')-biphenyl-4,4(')-diamine (alpha-NPD) and 4,4('),4(")-tris(N-3- methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) are also presented as examples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".