Chemical Reaction of Glazed Refractory with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated Molten Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of a high alumina refractory, glazed by the typical CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 ladle slag, on the generation of non-metallic inclusions in Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel was investigated at 1600°C. The variations of microstructure and chemistry of the glazed refractory were investigated with reaction time. Significant chemical reaction of the glazed refractory was observed due to the infiltration of liquid glaze into porous spinel matrix region in the refractory. Various non-metallic inclusions of the CaO–MgO–Al2O3–CaS system were generated in molten steel. The major inclusions were liquid Ca–Al–Mg–O–S inclusion and its mixtures with solid phase such as CaS, MgO and MgAl2O4. Thermodynamic analysis using the FactSage software was also carried out to understand the chemical reactions of the glazed refractory with molten steel more clearly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".