Percutaneous transcatheter super-selective embolization of a tributary of an accessory renal artery to control traumatic haematuria from a horseshoe kidney-a case report
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The most experienced clinicians could easily miss serious renal injury at surgery. We report a case of a recently diagnosed bleeding from a lacerated horseshoe kidney with a review of the literature. Methods: The clinical and imaging records and laboratory results of a patient with blunt abdominal trauma were reviewed who initially underwent splenectomy for splenic injury, but a renal injury was missed at laparotomy. We also carried out a review of published reports of renal artery injuries. Results: A thirty-year-old man was admitted as an emergency to a hospital after he had sustained blunt abdominal trauma in a go-carting accident. He underwent splenectomy for splenic injury following which he was discharged. A few days later, he was seen in another hospital complaining of left loin pain where, a provisional diagnosis of urinary tract infection and possible haematoma around his splenic bed was made. He discharged himself against medical advice before further imaging could be undertaken. He presented to a third hospital with abdominal pain and then developed haematuria severe enough for him to be transfused. Ultra-sound scan and CT-scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed injury to a horseshoe kidney with haematoma which was initially drained percutaneously. Post contrast axial CT scans showing the transacted kidney and active renal bleeding are shown in Figures 1 & 2. A selective renal artery angiogram confirmed bleeding from a tributary of an accessory descending left renal artery that was successfully treated by super-selective embolization (Figures 3, 4, 5 and post embolization CT Figure 6). Conclusions: Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography are instrumental in the diagnosis of a horseshoe kidney. Both ultrasound and CT scans confirm a renal/peri-renal haematoma resulting from renal trauma. Selective renal artery angiography not only confirms the source of bleeding but also allows superselective arterial embolization as a definite or stopgap treatment.Super-selective embolization of renal haemorrhage is comparatively non-invasive and preferred to open surgery.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it