Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Homogenate by Palmitic Acid is Not a Detergent Effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Supplemental fat fed to dairy cows affects the fat composition of milk by reducing the yield of mammary synthesized fatty acids. The effect has been attributed to a potential allosteric inhibition of acetyl coenzyme-A, a key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. In vitro experiments have demonstrated an inhibition of fatty acid synthesis when long-chain fatty acids are added to incubations. However, in vitro inhibition can result from a nonspecific detergent effect arising from an inherent physical property of fatty acids. An allosteric role for palmitic acid has not been tested in bovine mammary tissue. The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that palmitic acid is an allosteric inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in mammary tissue. We tested for a detergent effect by including a synthetic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, under identical incubation conditions. A subcellular supernatant fraction of mammary tissue was used for incubations in the present experiment. The incubation system produced free fatty acids in a linear fashion for time and protein content. Results indicated that fatty acid synthesis was affected by the addition of palmitic acid to the incubations but not by caprylic acid, a short-chain fatty acid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate did not affect fatty acid synthesis at the concentrations used. The results of the present experiment indicate that palmitic acid inhibited fatty acid synthesis, and the effect was not the result of a detergent effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".