Spectroscopic Study of Phosphine-Substituted Oligothiophenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spectroscopic behavior (solution and solid-state absorption and emission) of a series of mono-(diphenylphosphino) and bis-(diphenylphosphino) α-substituted oligothiophenes varying in length from one to three thienyl rings is described. The absorption spectra red-shift with increasing oligomer length, and the spectra of the bisphosphines are red-shifted, relative to the monophosphines that contain the same number of thienyl groups. In solution, emission from the mono- and bithienyl compounds is broad and shows a large Stokes shift, attributed to a planar excited state due to the n →π* nature of the excitation. Emission from the terthienyl compounds shows a much smaller Stokes shift and is attributed to a thienyl-based π→π* transition. In the solid state, similar effects are observed in both absorption and emission spectra. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the contribution of the P lone pair to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) diminishes as the oligomer length increases, supporting the experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".