“You grow from it… you get more spiritual”: An exploration of spirituality, health, and leisure for unpaid caregivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spiritual dimensions of leisure as a coping strategy for unpaid care‐givers have received little attention in leisure studies. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a secondary analysis of the theme of spirituality, health, and leisure from a larger study on unpaid caregivers. The research questions included: (1) what were the meanings of spirituality in the caregiving experience? and (2) what were the spiritual dimensions of leisure as a means of coping with stress in the caregiving experience? Focus groups (n=107) were conducted with a diverse group of caregivers in Nova Scotia, Canada. Data was analyzed using Luborsky's (1994) understanding of themes. Spirituality was used as a leisure palliative coping strategy to reduce stress and guilt as well as improve feelings of connection to others. Further research is needed to explore the leisure coping role of spirituality and religion when dealing with stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".