Banks as creators and transmitters of information in historical perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé : Cet article soutient que les banques commerciales ont eu recours aux principaux développements en NTIC des trente dernières années pour se spécialiser à la fois dans la création et la transmission de l’information. La capacité à créer de l’information financière confère aux banques un avantage stratégique important qui s’accroît avec les innovations technologiques permettant une plus grande concentration industrielle et informationnelle des grandes banques. Ce processus de concentration se réalise au détriment des plus petites banques qui ne peuvent faire face à l’assimilation et au développement des technologies de l’information récentes. Cet article présente une analyse descriptive, illustrant comment ce type de processus de transformation structurelle est survenu au sein de l’évolution de l’industrie bancaire états-unienne, et étudie le lien avec la crise des subprimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".