A Pilot Study of Low Dose Hydroxyurea as a Novel Resistance Modulator in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mechanisms of chemoresistance in renal cell carcinoma include P-glycoprotein, overexpression of multidrug resistance-1 (mdr1) gene, and unstable chromosomal aberrations. In vitro exposure of resistant tumor cells to low dose hydroxyurea causes loss of chromosomal aberrations, decrease in the mdr1 gene copies, and increased sensitivity to vinblastine. Patients received continuous hydroxyurea 500 mg every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Vinblastine 5 mg/m2 was given intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Seventeen patients with a median age of 63 (range 40-80) received a median of 3 courses of vinblastine (range 1-14). Toxicities included: > or = grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity (1) and febrile neutropenia (2). No treatment related mortality occurred. Three patients (17.6%) had partial responses. The median survival was 38.0 weeks (95% CI = 26.9-49.1 weeks). The addition of hydroxyurea given at the dose of 500 mg orally three times weekly had no major impact on the expected antitumor effect of vinblastine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".