Local and systemic innate immunity in broiler chickens supplemented with yeast-derived carbohydrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of yeast-derived carbohydrates (YDC) on performance and innate immune responses of broiler chickens. In total, 1,080 one-day-old birds were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatments (n = 360): a standard broiler diet containing monensin (control), control + bacitracin methylene disalycylate (BMD), and YDC treatment (control + YDC at 0.02%, 0.01%, and 0.005% for starter, grower, and finisher, respectively). Weekly BW, feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Immune organ weights, gut morphology, gene expression, heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L), and serum IgG were determined at d 42. No significant difference in FCR, FI, and mortality was observed among treatments. However, BW gain in starter phase was higher in control and YDC treatments compared with BMD treatment. Ileal villi height, crypt depth, and their ratio were not significantly different among treatments, whereas villi width was lower in control and YDC treatments compared with BMD treatment. The number of goblet cells per unit area in the ileum was lower in BMD treatment compared with control and YDC treatments. Expression of TLR2b and IL-6 in the ileum and cecal tonsils was not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.05). Expression of TLR4 was downregulated in YDC treatment compared with control in the ileum. Expression of IL-12p35 and IFN-γ were downregulated in the YDC treatment only in the cecal tonsils. Compared with the control, the expression of IL-10 in both the ileum and the cecal tonsils was downregulated in YDC treatment. Serum IgG and H:L ratio were lower and higher, respectively, in the YDC treatment compared with control and BMD treatments. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of YDC affected intestinal cytokines anti-inflammatory profile on a gut location associated immune pathways manner, suggesting different immune pathways that require further studies in this field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".