Driver Engagement in Notifications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smartwatches and other wearables are being developed for the consumer market and will most likely be used by drivers, but there is little investigation into their influence on driver behaviour. Smartwatches are able to provide certain smartphone functionalities. For example, they can provide notifications, such as text mes-sages. Because watches are always “on-hand”, drivers may find it easier and be more compelled to interact with them in comparison to smartphones. We conducted an exploratory driving simulator study to compare a smartwatch and a smartphone in terms of time to engagement with the device and drivers’ glance patterns. The results show that participants (n=6) chose to engage with the smartwatch faster than with the smartphone, but took longer to read notifications. The smartwatch also led to a larger number of glances greater than 2 seconds than the smartphone. Further investigation of the effects on driving performance is required.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it