Adsorption Kinetics of Anilines on Macroporous Kaolin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Macroporous kaolin is studied as a convenient substrate for adsorption of petroleum heavy ends in relation to feasible upgrading processes. Understanding the parameters that control adsorption of polar molecules over different adsorption media is important for process optimization. In these regards, adsorption kinetics of small molecular mass anilines (<205 g/mol) over macroporous kaolin was studied. The results indicate that the dynamic and levels of adsorption of these molecules is not controlled by differences in molecular size. The nature of substituents on the aniline ring plays an important role on the adsorption. The incorporation of oxygen as a methoxy group in the ortho or para position enhances the adsorption, while the incorporation of alkyl groups has mixed effects on this phenomenon, decreasing the adsorptivity when the group in placed in the ortho position. The presence of two aromatic rings attached to the aniline molecule such as 1-amino anthracene increases the adsorption uptake. Moreover, the presence of sulfur in the form of methylthio groups reduces the adsorption particularly when the group is located in the ortho position. Finally, thermodynamics of the adsorption of these anilines over macroporous kaolin are studied and found primarily governed by the type of substituent present on the aromatic ring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".