MRI-Controlled Rapidly Scanned Focused Ultrasound Hyperthermia for Temperature Sensitive Localized Drug Delivery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temperature sensitive drug delivery systems have been limited by a lack of versatile, noninvasive methods for applying uniform non‐ablative heating. The objective of this study was to characterize and demonstrate an MRI‐controlled scanned focused ultrasound system capable of maintaining temporally and spatially uniform target temperatures ex vivo. Degassed turkey breast was heated in a clinical 3 T MRI using a single‐element focused transducer rapidly scanned along a circular trajectory by an MRI‐compatible transducer positioning system. Spatial temperature distribution was measured every 5 s using the proton resonance frequency shift. Temperature at the center of the scan trajectory was used as input for proportional‐integral control of applied acoustic power. Uniform temperature elevation of 10° C was maintained for several minutes in a 5 mm target diameter using controller gain values identified by numerical simulations. Simultaneous scanning and imaging caused a correctable periodic drift in baseline phase. Temporally and spatially uniform MRI‐controlled scanned focused ultrasound hyperthermia was demonstrated ex vivo with a simple feedback control system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".