Psychometric Properties and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Brazilian Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale Questionnaire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. Cross-cultural translation and psychometric testing. Objective. To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QDS) to Brazilian Portuguese and to examine its validity and reliability. Summary of Background Data. Current literature shows the need to adopt reliable and internationally standardized methods for the analysis of low back pain. To our knowledge, this specific questionnaire has not been translated and validated for Portuguese-speaking patients. Methods. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QDS were developed in agreement with internationally recommended methodology, and the resulting product was evaluated in this study with 54 consecutive patients. Internal consistency was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha; reliability was estimated through the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland and Altman agreement (JOURNAL/spne/04.03/00007632-200906010-00018/OV0458/v/2020-12-26T072856Z/r/image-png = mean difference). Validity was determined by correlating the scores of the Brazil-QDS with the Brazilian version of the Roland-Morris Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Pain Scale by means of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results. The internal consistency obtained was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were considered strong (ICC = 0.93-JOURNAL/spne/04.03/00007632-200906010-00018/OV0458/v/2020-12-26T072856Z/r/image-png = 0.68 and 0.96-JOURNAL/spne/04.03/00007632-200906010-00018/OV0458/v/2020-12-26T072856Z/r/image-png = 0.57, respectively). The correlation with Brazilian Roland-Morris Questionnaire and with the Visual Analogue Scale was high (r = 0.857; r = 0.758, respectively). Conclusion. The data showed that the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation were successful and that the adapted instrument demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. The Brazilian version of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale Questionnaire exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach-α = 0.972), strong interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.968) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.938) reproducibility, strong correlation with the Brazil-RM (r = 0.857), and moderate correlation with the Visual Analogue Scale (r = 0.758).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".