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Record W2062710569 · doi:10.2495/sdp-v1-n3-317-325

Water demand management in Botswana

2006· article· en· W2062710569 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Eagilwe Segosebe, B.P. Parida

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning · 2006
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicWater Governance and Infrastructure
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRainwater harvestingBusinessWater conservationDemand managementReuseNatural resource economicsWater resourcesIntegrated water resources managementResource (disambiguation)Environmental planningFood securitySustainabilityEffective demandWater scarcityAgricultureWater resource managementEnvironmental scienceEconomicsEngineeringWaste managementGeography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Water is one of the most important elements essential to attain food and health security, as well as economic development of any country, particularly for a semi-arid country like Botswana. Effective utilisation of this valuable but scarce resource has necessitated emphasis on demand management as opposed to supply management, such that sustainable use of the resource to meet the increasing demand can be achieved. This paper examines the various strategies made/proposed in the country to manage the growing demand for water. The strategies encompass the use of tariffs, water reuse/recycling and water restrictions. Other attempts encourage water conservation through rainwater harvesting and implementation of technological innovations with exploration of non-conventional sources.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.686
Threshold uncertainty score0.183

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2006
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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