Short communication: Interrelationship between butyrate and glucose supply on butyrate and glucose oxidation by ruminal epithelial preparations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary Na-butyrate supplementation affects butyrate and glucose oxidation by ruminal epithelial preparations and whether this effect can be acutely modulated by substrate (glucose and butyrate) supply. Eighteen Suffolk wether lambs (6 lambs/treatment) were blocked by body weight and, within block, randomly assigned to the control treatment (CON) or to diets containing differing Na-butyrate inclusion rates (1.58 or 3.16%) equating to 1.25 (B1.25), and 2.50% (B2.50) butyrate on a dry matter basis, respectively. All lambs received their diet for a period of 14 d. After dietary adaptation, lambs were killed and the ruminal epithelium was harvested from the ventral sac, minced finely, and used for in vitro incubations. Incubation medium contained either a constant concentration of glucose (4 mM) with increasing butyrate concentrations (0, 5, 15, 25, or 40 mM) or a constant butyrate concentration (15 mM) with increasing glucose concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mM) to allow for the evaluation of whether acute changes in the concentration of metabolic substrates affect the oxidation of glucose and butyrate. We observed no interactions between the in vivo and in vitro treatments. Increasing dietary butyrate supplementation linearly decreased glucose oxidation by ruminal epithelial preparations, but had no effect on butyrate oxidation. Increasing butyrate concentration in vitro decreased (cubic effect) glucose oxidation when butyrate concentration ranged between 5 and 15 mM; however, glucose oxidation was increased with a butyrate concentration of 40 mM. Butyrate oxidation decreased (cubic effect) as glucose concentration increased from 1 to 4 mM; however, butyrate oxidation increased when glucose was included at 8mM. The results of this study demonstrate that dietary butyrate supplementation can decrease glucose oxidation by the ruminal epithelium, but the relative supply of glucose and butyrate has a pronounced effect on substrate oxidation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".