Electron solvation in aqueous reverse micelles: Equilibrium properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microscopic aspects of electron solvation in aqueous reverse micelles are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Two micelle sizes, with water/surfactant ratios of 3 and 7.5, are examined. The electron is treated quantum mechanically using Feynman path integral methods while the water, surfactant head groups, and counter ions are treated classically. Through computations of the free energy as a function of the radial distance, the electron is found to be preferentially solvated in the interior of the micelle in the “bulk” water pool. For small micelles, the presence of the electron leads to a depletion of water in the central region of the micelle and thus strongly disrupts the water equilibrium structure. Contact and solvent-separated ion pairs between the electron and Na+ counter ions are found to play an important role in the equilibrium structure. For the two micelle sizes investigated, the most stable solvation structures correspond to contact ion pairs. The localization of the electronic charge distribution is found to increase with micelle size, signaling more efficient solvation in larger micelles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".