A unified digital waveguide (infra)structure for synthesizing wind instrument sounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Virtual acoustic models provide researchers a means for testing and verifying their scientific understanding of physical systems. As well, they allow explorations in a world free from physical constraints. A digital waveguide structure is presented which implements a generalized air column, or resonator, model for wind instrument sound synthesis. This system has a physical inspiration and interpretation, a ‘‘blowed string,’’ but is an otherwise impossible reality. The structure produces harmonic resonant modes at integer multiples of a fundamental, with controls to vary harmonic content. It is useful for simulating both cylindrical and conical air columns of such instruments as clarinets, saxophones, flutes, oboes, and trumpets. Further, this structure robustly interconnects with several different non-linear ‘‘reed’’ models to produce a rich variety of wind instrument sounds. The result is a highly efficient computational algorithm that can be used to perform real-time sound synthesis on consumer-grade computers. [Work supported by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".