Prognostic utility of quantifying evolutionary ST-segment depression on early follow-up electrocardiogram in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Although ST-segment depression (STD) on the admission electrocardiogram (ECG) confers adverse prognosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), the implications of STD on follow-up ECG remain uncertain. We determined the prognostic significance of STD on follow-up ECG performed within 12-24 h of admission and whether its quantitative evaluation can further refine risk stratification. METHODS AND RESULTS: The admission and follow-up ECGs of 3877 patients in the SYNERGY trial were analysed for the presence (>or=1 mm) and extent (maximum magnitude on any single lead) of STD. Of the 1110 patients presenting with STD on admission, 534 (48.1%) with persistent STD at follow-up had higher mortality at 30 days (7.1 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.01) and 6 months (10.7 vs. 5.2%, P = 0.001) than those with normalized STD. Among 2767 patients without STD on admission, 174 (6.3%) developed new STD on follow-up ECG and experienced increased mortality compared with those without such interval change (30 days: 4.0 vs. 1.7%, P = 0.035; 6 months: 8.0 vs. 3.3%, P = 0.001). After adjustment for established clinical prognosticators and the extent of STD on admission, every 1 mm increment of STD on the follow-up ECG independently predicted a graded increase in 30-day mortality [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-1.98, P < 0.0001], and death/myocardial infarction at 30 days (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03-1.36, P = 0.017) and 6 months (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03-1.32, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The magnitude of STD on a routine 12-24 h follow-up ECG provides incremental prognostic information beyond established clinical prognosticators and the extent of STD on admission. Incorporating a follow-up ECG and its quantitative evaluation for STD may further refine risk stratification of patients with NSTE-ACS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".