Behavioral responses of juvenile weakfish (<i>Cynoscion regalis</i>) to diel-cycling hypoxia: swimming speed, angular correlation, expected displacement, and effects of hypoxia acclimation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Areas of low flushing and high nutrient loading in shallow estuaries are susceptible to diel-cycling hypoxia and also represent important nursery habitat for juvenile estuary-dependent fishes. Swimming speed, angular correlation, and expected displacement were measured in juvenile weakfish ( Cynoscion regalis ) in response to diel-cycling hypoxia (cycling between 7.0 and 0.4 mg O2·L–1). Saturation-acclimated (7.0 mg O2·L–1) weakfish exhibited an active response by increasing swimming speed (to a maximum at 2.8 mg O2·L–1) and angular correlation (to a maximum at 1.4 mg O2·L–1) as dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased, after which weakfish exhibited a passive response and both swimming speed and angular correlation decreased by ~50% and 70%, respectively, at 0.4 mg O2·L–1. Weakfish acclimated to hypoxia (cycling between 2.0 and 11.0 mg O2·L–1for 10 days) did not vary swimming speed during decreasing DO or DO recovery (increasing DO) and had an overall swimming speed 46% lower than saturation-acclimated weakfish at 7.0 mg O2·L–1. At the end of DO recovery, saturation- and hypoxia-acclimated weakfish had recovered 60% and 80% of their initial swimming speeds, respectively. The relationship between previous hypoxia exposure and behavior may be an important determinant of habitat utilization in estuarine nursery areas impacted by diel-cycling hypoxia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".